The assassination of Bhutto

I had just finished lunch while watching Cartman's antics on South Park when my phone rang. I was quite suspicious of the news my friend had to deliver and decided to check its truthfulness almost immediately. It was true. Benazir Bhutto had been assassinated an hour earlier.
With her public murder, Pakistan slips ino further turmoil and instability. The tentative and uncertain steps that it was taking towards another return to democracy has been cut short. While Bhutto's term as the premier of Pakistan was a highly controversial one (the dilettantish approach to the Kashmir issue, the corruption, the flirting with the Taliban), it must be said she was the face of a secular and moderate Islam. Islamist extremists have succesfully destroyed a symbol, as the Hindu rightly puts it while condemning the assasination, it is a "..despicable act by terrorists who made no secret of their loathing at the prospect of a progressive, secular woman emerging as Pakistan’s ruler".
New Delhi is shocked, but will still continue to sit on the fences. The political will, that is required to facilitate peace and stability in it's surroundings, is just lacking at the centre. Indians know what it means to lose a national leader and hence can understand the situation that the average Pakistani is in. We send you our condolences.

A video clip of one her last interviews.

Never small enough to make a change

In India, among the younger generations there are quite a few who wish to change the status quo, wish to bring an end to corrupt bureaucracy, wish to bring an end to poverty, wish to cleanse the filthy political landscape. But they remain as wishes. They voice their wishes to themselves, in conversations with friends, but doubt themselves and their environment when it comes to action. But action is key to change. No matter how small the action, it ushers in change. The video posted below conveys the message. The greatest tasks are not achieved by the superheroic efforts of a single individual, they are achieved by the combined efforts of a group of individuals sharing a common goal.

How India sees itself

An interesting survey carried out by Pew.

"The Pew poll asked people in 47 countries if they agreed or disagreed with the following statement: “our people are not perfect, but our culture is superior to others.” Indians topped the list, with a whopping 93 per cent agreeing that our culture was superior to others, with 64 per cent agreeing completely, without any reservations."

Continue reading here.

It should be noted that the respondents would have only been the educated classes, which begets the question, "Are these the views of a majority of the Indians?"

Crisis in Pakistan

When India celebrated its 60th year of independence with a renewed confidence in the light of its growing economy and an improved world status, neighbouring Pakistan marked its 60th year of independence as well. But dark clouds hovered around Pakistan and still continue to do so. Democracy still lay in the stranglehold of the military, the violence associated with religious fundamentalism was brought to Islamabad's doorstep as the nation watched the storming of Lal Masjid and a conceited world power continues to exercise its strong influence over the policies of Pakistan's government.

Democracy in Pakistan has always been overshadowed by its strongest institution, the army. Of the 60 years of independence only 27 have been under democratic rule. A cycle of democratic and military rule has consistently repeated itself in Pakistan. One of the regrets most Pakistanis harbour is the early demise of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who was definitely a great leader having played an important role in the freedom struggle. His death in 1948 left a vacuum in the political arena which no leader has ever been able to fill. A popular sense of disillusion with poor civilian leadership has always helped the army in its claim to power. The Pakistani army today has thus become a highly politicised institution, with democratic governments consulting with the army on key decisions. The army is deeply entrenched in the economy of the country as well. The military runs National Logistic Cell (the biggest freight transportation company in Pakistan), Frontier Works Organisation (the biggest contractor in the country for constructing roads and collecting tolls) and a number of subsidiaries/cooperatives that engages in a range of profit making activities. Some subsidiaries, for instance those in the real estate market, advertise their relationship with the army to project themselves as more efficient. The army is also said to control 12% of total state land, larger than any group or institution in Pakistan. Unless some radical changes take place, the army will continue to exercise a strong say in the political matters of the state.

This brings us to present situation in Pakistan. President Musharaff has effectively crippled the main institutions of democracy, the executive, the judiciary and the media. The judiciary and the executive are mere puppets. The emergency is supposed to be lifted in a little more than a week, free and fair elections are supposed to be conducted in January. However without an independent judiciary it will be hard to determine the fairness of the election process. A new general has been instated. General Ashfaq Parvez Kiani, who has been overseeing the entire operation of the "war-on-terror" since October, will probably emerge as the most powerful man in Pakistan. It is hard to imagine for how long a civilian president will be able to exercise control over the country. Historically, the chief of the army has always been a powerful post in the establishment. Musharaff's relinquishing of that post could sound the death knell for him.

If the political instability weren't enough Pakistan's other woes include America's meddling of its internal affairs. The publicised return of Benazir Bhutto to Pakistan, the proposed partnership of Bhutto and Musharaff, the army's change of guard... all seem to indicate a secret hand giving a push. There have been several high profile visits by US state officials in the last few months, each visit having a strong message to convey to Musharaff. Most recently, the US ambassador Anne W Patterson made an open intervention in Pakistan's domestic affairs with a strong call to all political parties to participate in the upcoming elections. She is said to have personally met with Nawaz Sarif amid protests by him to boycott the elections. The US is losing the battle in Afghanistan and a resurgent Taliban is steadily occupying territory. In the continuing "war-on-terror", military/democratic, America would want a pliant government in Islamabad.

In these days of darkness however there shine a few beacons of light in Pakistan who continue to give its people hope. They include Imran Khan; whose most recent article Battle for Pakistan is a must read for those following the Pakistan situation, Justice Iftikhar Choudhary and the judges and lawyers who are seen as symbol against the dictatorship: as can be read here.

On a lighter note, a recent article in the Daily Times ran a story on how a few school children thought about the imposition of the emergency in Pakistan. A fictional character called Harry Potter seems to be the only hope of these school children. The story can be read here. The thoughts voiced by these children however echo the larger sentiments in Pakistan society, and that is the lack of strong, trustworthy civilian leadership.

Listen....

I initially intended to post this blog on "Snapshots..", but then I decided that it's place was more deserved here. The LSE Anthropological Society screeened a movie today called "Shooting Dogs", which was based on the Rwandan genocide in 1994. This is not a movie review, but while the movie did suffer from the usual cliches, it did drive home a point. Close to a million Rwandans were slaughtered and killed in that year alone. There is a scene in the movie that continues to play on in my mind. Amidst the madness, a Tutsi woman gives birth to a child. At that moment a question arose in my mind. With what hope are we bringing new born children into this world? A world where greed, ignorance, intolerance forces man upon himself. A world where wars are brought upon by men and innocent women and children pay the price for being caught in the crossfire. Are we, who inhabit this world, doing justice to the newborn? As the question played itself out in my mind, the movie continued and soon gave me an answer. The baby was murdered a few minutes later. And what was depicted wasn't an exaggeration, I have heard stories like these from Gujarat, Iraq, Serbia,... One of the main characters in the movie, a young man from Britain finds himself incapable to alter the situation and finally finds himself choosing the safety of his own life in the face of the inescapable slaughter of 2500 Tutsi people. The director leaves the viewer with the helplessness, guilt and failure of this character. Cut!

I am a man of privilege, and if you can read this you are a man/woman of privilege too. I was brought up in safe, secure environments. I have had the joy of family and friends around me, and continue to do so. I was never helpless, I have always had the power of choice. To be honest I have never felt utterly powerless, never felt underprivileged, never felt that my existence was immaterial to the environment around me. I am a man of privilege.
But at times, through ways I could not have fathomed, the voice of the weak and the powerless travel to me and plead to be heard. They wish to be heard, they wish to be rescued from their lives devoid of hope, they wish the privileged will listen to their silent cries and come and save them. They wish..........for that is all that they can do.
We, the privileged, can effect change. We can give our children, the children of your street and the children in the orphanage close by, a better world. We can start by listening, listening to the unheard voices crying for help, and paying heed to them. It may not be the answer, but it will begin to take the world to a place better than it is today.

India at 60 in a Changing World: next 20 years

This post is a little late, it should have been up by the 15th. The event was one hosted by LSE which marked the launch of LSE's India observatory. The speakers were:
OP Bhatt - Chairman of the State Bank of India
Mervyn King - Governor of the Bank of England
Kamal Nath - Minister for commerce and industry for the Indian government
YV Reddy - Governor of the Reserve Bank of India
Nicholas Stern - IG Patel Chair in Government and Economics and director of the India Observatory at LSE.

The event was an enjoyable one and unlike what I feared, there was a good mix of praise and concern when the speakers echoed their sentiments. I shall list some notable comments by Kamal Nath and OP Bhatt.

Kamal Nath:
"India's perception of itself is changing, not the world's alone."
"...India has more people living on $1 a day(300 million) than those in all the Least Developed Countries put together. "
"Indian agriculture is about subsistence and not about commerce."

OP Bhatt:
"Infrastructure is a concern and if not addresed will choke growth.......India will need $600 billion in the next five years for infrastructure development. "
"The scale and size of Indian banking is a concern.......market capitalization is very low."

In terms of the speeches OP Bhatt's was the most engrossing, he spoke more about the problems facing the country, and even as he did so, there was the unmistakeable spirit behind his words that none of these problems were indomitable. He dwelled on all the key sectors(education, public health, infrastructure, finance, labour) which have a direct/indirect bearing on the country's future. Reflecting his awareness that he was addressing a global audience, he brought his speech to an end with a sanskrit phrase - "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" (the world is one family) and stressed on the world's need to realise it soon. That alone made my day.

The future looks bright.

Being an Indian

I find myself in a time and place where almost everyday I am meeting someone new, someone from a different culture, someone who looks at the world in different ways than I do. Most often when I explain where I am from, I am mostly met with the response that I am in one of the most exciting places today. And yes, that is quite true. India is definitely an exciting place to be today, there is a lot happening in the country. Every industrial sector is writing new stories, be it IT, retail, media or telecom, to name a few. Educated Indian minds express themselves and their opinions quite eloquently over personal blogs. There are many questions being posed in the public space, over education, government, labour and there are quite a few intellectuals who nurture public debate over informed articles in the print media.
We are looking at a period when the reins of the future are slowly being handed over to a younger generation, a generation that is very ambitious, a generation that is increasingly questioning it's identity in a world that is more connected today than it ever has been. The whiff of change is ever present, but lest one gets carried away with optimism, there are serious problems (social and political) that are ever present too. It is upto this new, young, hot-blooded generation to find more imaginitive solutions to the issues that face the country. When independence was won in 1947, democracy in India was viewed by the west as an experiment whose chances of success were bleak. But 60 years later, democracy survives in this great nation, not once has it slipped into military rule. History will continue to be written here and it's implications will have a lot of meaning for the rest of the world. I shall bring this post to an end with an inspiring video commemorating 60 years of Indian independence.

John Berger

I met him for the first time today. The event was the completion of a new book he'd written, 'Letters from A to X' , parts of which he read out to a small audience. After the reading session the microphone was passed around the audience and questions were entertained, starting from his book and finally centring around the Palestine issue. At the end of the event I was fortunate to have a very brief conversation with him. This is the advice he gave to younger generations wishing to take up the cause of the oppressed-

• Listen
• The struggle is unending, and those wishing to enter the struggle must realise it.
  

Yatra Log

The yatra is over and a log of the entire journey is with me, but I am currently exploring alternative channels to publish it on the net. My apologies for the delay in posting my experiences, but keep watching this space for updates.

The journey thus begins....

A long cherished dream finally comes to fruition, in 4 hours from now I will embark on a trip across the nation, a Bharat-yatra one can say. The original plan encompassed a travel around all the 29 states across a span of 45 days. But rarely ever are idealistic visions translated into reality in their complete sense. Hence, the journey has been cut down to 21 days and the states intended to be covered, 17. I am always short of words when I am asked about the intent of this journey. I am not known among friends and family as an avid traveller and hence they seem the most surprised. The intent is simple, to know my nation better. I cannot pride myself on being an Indian(as I most often do), an Indian who knows his country well, if my only physical exposure to the country is restricted to a few cities and my native place. Hence the desire to journey around the country. The garbs that I don will be many, at times those of a tourist, at others those of a philosopher, an ascetic, a scholar, but they will all be driven by one single desire.....the pursuit of knowledge.
I shall try and post logs of my journey as often as I can, but a complete record of my journey in its exact chronology shall be posted on this blog by the end of next month.

Nuclear Storm

For all the success that was claimed by the government in negotiating a fair deal with Uncle Sam for the 123 agreement, the public didn't see themselves having to head to the polling booths. But if the political storm that has been raised at New Delhi doesn't blow over, the public could very well be headed there. It must be said that the situtaion is not all black and white. The left has raised some valid concerns and have had so since July 2005. It is a different story altogether that the media didn't pay much attention to communist cries, until the crescendo theatened to topple the government. One of the main concerns raised by the left is that the nuclear deal is much more than the deal alone, it involves a alignment of India's foreign policy alongside USA's geo-political strategy for Asia. Proof of this was seen when India voted against Iran at the IAEA both in 2005 and 2006. An independent foreign policy that is not subject to coercion, cannot be snuffed away as an idealist demand, the left cannot be chided for this demand. When the Prime Minister and the US ambassador, plead with the country to make the most of the opportunity that presents itself, the opportunity being that Bush is the friendliest US president that India has seen, they seem to miss the point. Bush could very well go down in world history as the worst US president ever. Does India wish to seek a strong association with a US president, who clearly is very unpopular in his home country. As of May 2007, Bush's approval ratings had dropped to 28% .
However as was stated earlier all is not black and white, while an independent foreign policy is definitely desired, our foreign policy has definitely to reflect the political strategy India has in place to keep a rising China in check. If China is to become the sole superpower in Asia, then it will affect our dealing with not Beijing alone, but with Islamabad as well. Negotiations, ranging from border disputes to criminal extradition will become more difficult. Backing out of the nuclear deal, will be a missed opportunity to join the club of countries that control nuclear trade and technology in the world. The nuclear deal could strengthen trade ties with many developed nations, not only in the nuclear arena but in others as well. This will indirectly help in giving the country a push towards becoming a developed nation faster. It bodes well for India to be seen as China's equal.
The situation is not such that a stand can be taken easily, both sides, the Congress as well as the left, have perfectly valid reasons for their particular stands. The BJP makes a fool of itself when it opposes the agreement for foreign policy reasons, for it was during their governance that the tone for greater coooperation with the United States was first set. Extended debates among the political community will be needed to decide which is the course best suited for the country. Just like any sovereign country, both America and China will put their interests first ahead of India's. In the same vein the sovereign state of India has to decide based on what serves it's interests the best.

India, 60......Bharat, 5000

For a civilisation whose recorded history dates back atleast 5000 years, of what prominence is a miniscule figure as 60. In modern history, it symbolises the triumph of our brave freedom fighters who delivered independence to the nation. (In an age where sport is war, the victory of our cricket team at England over our past colonisers, couldn't have come at a more apt time, it tastes sweet).
With due respect to the past, more time has to be spent dwelling upon the future and the course that India takes. The country is announcing it's presence in the global arena, and there is a tacit recognition of it's importance. However, back at home, in the villages and cities, in the plains and valleys of this beautiful country, where we define what being an Indian is, is where we need to introspect and build a stronger country.
The congratulatory tones("India rising", "The sleeping giant awakens..") that surround us, hide from us the fact that we still remain a country grappling with social issues which affects millions. The run up to Aug 15, has not been pleasant. Light was shed upon the huge prevalence of female foeticide and infanticide in many parts of the country. Secularism doesn't look threatened, but religious intolerance among the majority and the minorities seems to be on the rise. The rains that wreaked havoc across the country, left villages stranded for days on end. It is ironic that we lose lives both to drought and rain. Politicians were landing blows on each other at a meeting of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi, hardly a sign of a civilised democracy. Little children still try and make a living at traffic intersections of cities either through a display of acrobatics or by selling small items.
While the world begins to take notice of Indians and treat them with more respect than they commanded earlier, we should be reminded that our house is not in order yet. We still have a long way to go. Independence as an ideal is yet to be understood by a majority in the country, a majority that struggles to make a livelihood, a majority that is marginalised, a majority that lives without the hope of opportunity. Our celebrations of Independence will be even more joyous when we have saved every single child in the country from the clutches of hunger and child labour, when we have built an environment where the gender of the child will not affect her/his survival, when honest hard working individuals are suitably rewarded, when every Indian attains the right to a life of dignity and respect, irrespective of caste and creed.

The 12th President

The Congress and it's allies have created history by giving India her first lady president. This contribution will be trumpeted many a time in the years to come, however at all debates that would question the merit of the appointment ,we will most definitely see the trumpeteers slip into the shadows. Much has been written in the media against her as a nominee, the criminal culpability of both her husband and her brother, the siphoning of funds of the banks that she governed which were led to bankruptcy, her ability to have conversations with the departed.............The allegations are far too many and it does raise doubts about her credibility. But, for all that has been said, the nation has to accept her as the President. The media understands this, and acts in propriety. The public will compare her to her able predecessor, it is inescapable. But for all the compraisons that we would like to draw, a fine line should be drawn as to its limits. If it were to slip beyond comparison and into the realms of accusation, it would be unacceprtable. The Supreme Commander has to be respected, whether the bearer of the post deserves it or not.

A financial declaration

Here are the figures:

2004

Cash: Rs 1.50 lakh
Bank deposits: Rs 9.78 crore
Other investments: Rs 30.94 lakh
Buildings: Rs 1.25 crore

2007

Cash: Rs 50.27 lakh
Bank deposits: Rs 12.88 crore
Other investments: Rs 50.87 lakh
Property: Rs 36.84 crore

If these figures were the summary of the financial statement of a company, then this company would be doing well for itself. Within 3 years it's asset value has increased 400%. But this is no company we're talking about. This is the declaration of Mayawati in the mentioned years, declared prior to the general and council elections respectively.

The latest declaration comes at a time when she has a CBI case of disproportionate assets against her, involving just half the declared figure(Rs. 28 crore). When seen in that light the audacity of the declaration seems more pronounced. However do not rush to assume that Mayawati is inviting trouble home. She is a seasoned politician(read corrupt, manipulative individual), she has played her cards well. The Congress at the centre needs her now, her support was crucial for the success of the UNPA candidate at the presidential elections. And to retain that support, the Congress will keep the CBI on a leash.

As of now the people have no option but to helplessly watch the swindling of public money and the temerity of our politicians to declare it.

India, the last 30 days

Settling down in the country after a long trip away from home has taken it's time and the blog thus has seen no new entries for a while. A lot has happened in the past one month, a quick round up follows:

• Most recently, the search for a presidential candidate seems to have ended with no political consensus between the NDA, UPA and the so-called Third Front. Not that a consensus is any indication of a positive democracy, but rather it only brings to the fore a pitiable statistic, the absolute poverty of strong political leadership in the country. As names were floated, Indians were reminded that there existed no single leader today who could capture the imagination of the country. Not one leader of stature whom the country could look up to.
• Caste related reservation woes continue to haunt the country. The Gurjar, Meena clashes with the state of Rajasthan not only paralysed the state for a few days, it was brought to the doorstep of Delhi. Unimaginative politicians promise more reservations, instead of addressing the root concerns of these communities, which is plainly put an assurance of a rise in their economic status.
  
• VS Achutanandan's demolition drive in Munnar, Kerala seems to hit rough waters with his decision to overlook religious institutions and political party offices that have encroached upon government land. The popular CM is now subject to public suspicion.
• Cyclone Gonu seems to have stolen some of the thunder from the monsoons. Weather forecasters wait with bated breath for any signs of an improvement. A drought will definitely affect the economy, which has posted a commendable 9.2% growth over last year.
• Mayawati has broken the 15 year spell of coalition politics in UP. The BSP rode to power as the largest party capable of forming a government. The rest of the country can now only pray that this time around she does not sell the Taj Mahal.
  

US and yoga

Being the most powerful country in the world is easy, becoming one is the hard part. And hence the American ignorance of world culture and it's related obsession with absurdity continues. The latest in the line is it's patenting of certain poses in yoga. Under what moral/legal/intellectual/spiritual authority can the US patent yoga, a system that is India's gift to the world. A system of exercises that aims to promote greater control over the mind and body, yoga dates back to at least 5000 years in Indian tradition. The philosophy of yoga embodies the Indian culture's understanding of the human mind and body, through centuries of wisdom.
But in the 21st century a country whose history is a fraction of the entire lifetime of yoga, who has in no means contributed to the development of yoga's philosophy, issues copyrights on the practice of yoga. Ludicrous indeed!

Congress and dynasty

India's oldest political party, the Congress, still continues to function as a monarchy. Regretful indeed was the moment, when the Prime Minister of the country while campaigning for a scion of the Nehru family, called him the "future of UP". That an individual whose accomplishments in life are based solely on merit would fall prey to the archaic ideology of dynasty politics is hard to swallow. Most definitely while the words were spoken by Dr. Manmohan Singh, they would have been ideated by the Nehru family itself. Rahul Gandhi, the "future" so to speak, has delivered only one address(from a prepared text) in the parliament, after being elected 3 years ago. Newsweek further insults India's functioning democracy, by addressing Mr. Gandhi as "India's Crown Prince". It would do well for the top leaders of Congress to rethink it's ideas about the leadership it constantly bestows upon the Nehru family. The message it sends out to it's party men is anything but democratic.

The Indo-US nuclear deal

India continues to negotiate with the US on the much publicized deal on civilian nuclear cooperation. India's energy needs are real and keeping in mind that our energy requirements are going to increase more than 10-fold in the next four decades we have to develop reliable sources of energy. Nuclear energy is relatively cleaner than other modes of power generation, and with global-warming-related-climate-change already announcing it's arrival, it is imperative on our part to keep in mind environmental factors when we chart out our path towards progress.

If India is to secure the deal, and it has to while maintaining it's autonomy, it will become the first country to secure nuclear cooperation with the US while being a non-signatory to the NPT. The negotiations are however fraught with political land mines, and if we aren't careful enough we may end up sacrificing more than we bargained for. Out of the many, a single case in question would be the "right-of return" policy being dictated by the US, which claims that :
"....the U.S. draft states cooperation will cease if either country feels a situation has arisen which jeopardizes its supreme national interest. In such a situation, there will be a period of consultation between the two sides, followed by the termination of ongoing cooperation. Finally, India will be required to return imported equipment and material — including its nuclear fuel stockpile."

This clause is nothing short of a leash, India could jeopardize US interests by an action as significant as conducting nuclear tests to something as extraneous as forging stronger ties with China. America loves controlling the foreign policies of other countries, especially those with strategic importance. It's records in the middle east and in eastern Europe confirm the same.

The current deal necessitates India's cooperation in "containing and constraining" Iran. Much against our will we were forced to vote against Iran in the UN when sanctions were declared against it, we should not put ourselves in the same position again. India's relations with Iran or any other country should be based on our past history (through 5000 years of civilization many people have migrated from the middle east into our country to call it home) and on our national interests. We should make sure we do not leave our foreign policy open to influence by a hegemonistic America, that would weaken India's claim to being a true global leader in the near future.

Further reading :
Article on The Hindu
Hyde Act analysis

The Indian MP - Master of Perjury

I am filled with an absolute disgust for the political class that currently occupy the seats of power in the country. The word "politician" is today synonymous with scams, scandal, abuse of power and every other immoral activity possible. It is not surprising that a recent nation wide survey by Outlook, revealed that 76% of the respondents felt that Indian politicians had given democracy a bad name.
This popular sentiment was further reinforced when a Member of Parliament(MP), a BJP legislator called Babubhai Katara, was arrested on Wednesday, Apr 18 while trying to smuggle a lady and a boy to Canada, on the passports of his wife and son. The lady is supposed to have paid Rs. 30 lakh to the legislator. Even worse, he has a past history of smuggling people out of the country, it's just that his luck ran out this time. It is a blatant abuse of the diplomatic passports that have been issued to him and his family. The BJP has dropped him like a hot potato, an expulsion seems guaranteed. But don't be mistaken, the party's actions have more to do with saving it's face, than with a high moral standing. If they had to expel him, they should have done so much earlier, when cases of loot, murder and election fraud were filed against him.
When legislators take their seat for the first time they are required to take an oath, which goes:
"I, .., having been elected (or nominated) a member of the Council of States do swear in the name of God, I solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India and that I will faithfully discharge the duty upon which I am about to enter."
Either our MPs have realized the truth about God or they have no respect for the nation's constitution and her people, for the oath that they take is null and void.

Why Americans think India is important

I found this article on the American Foreign Policy Research Institute(www.fpri.org) website. Its an excellent article exploring Indo-American relations. But what struck me was the the author's explanation of six terms in our preamble, 'We, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ....................'

Its slightly lengthy, but fills one with pride, in the vision of our nation founders to safeguard the interests of our people, and consequently in our potential to become a great nation.

http://www.fpri.org/footnotes/113.200606.embree.indiaimportant.html